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The Turkish government has arrested over 50 Nigerian students upon their arrival at the capital city of Istanbul, it has been reported.

The detained Nigerians were all escorted to a room and their passport confiscated by Turkish police, according to Thisday.

The detainees are mainly students of Fathi University, a private university in metropolitan Buyukcekmece district of Istanbul.

Turkish police claimed the students belong to a terrorist organisation and were offered to be transferred to government schools on the condition to pay the same fees as private universities, Thisday further reported.

Fathi University happens to be among the 2099 schools, dormitories and universities shut down by the Turkish government in the wake of the July 15th failed coup in Turkey.

The schools and universities were accused by the Turkish government to be terrorist schools because they have links with Islamic scholar Fethullah Gulen, whom the Turkish government had accused of being the mastermind of the coup in Turkey.

17 Turkish schools in Nigeria had earlier been requested by the Turkish Ambassador in Nigeria, Mr. Hakan Cakil, to be closed down by Nigerian authorities for alleged links to the Hizmet movement.

 Senior staff of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, on Friday presented a loaf of bread and a bottle of coca cola drink as a birthday gift to the school’s Vice Chancellor, Olusola Oyewole.

The VC clocked 61 on Friday and has been having a running battle with the workers over allegations of financial misdeeds against ‎him and the pro-Chancellor of the university, Adeseye Ogunlewe. The staff have long been protesting, demanding the removal of the VC.

See a clearer photo off the bizarre package.
During their birthday protest, they were however intercepted by the institution’s Chief Security Officer, Peter Bolarinwa, who promised to deliver the bizarre package.

They also demanded the reinstatement of three of their colleagues, Abdulsobur Salam, Lasun Somoye, and Abimbola Bankole, who were suspended for sending a petition to the EFCC, leading to the investigation.

So this lady, Stephanie Baaki posted in Benue Peoples Forum on Facebook an accusation calling a lecturer of the department of Political Science, Benue State University, Mkor Aondona, popularly known as MOPOL a serial rapist. She didn't stop there. She called him a rapist with a small penis. Sheesh. Mr Aondona is a die hard supporter of Governor Ortom and has such garnered a lot of hate from anti-Ortom people. At least that's what he said in his response to Stephanie Baaki's accusation. Read the Facebook posts below This fat Fool called MKOR AONDONA of the department of Political science BSU Makurdi is the worse sycophantic bull dog around Ortom. The kind of village of local sycophancy he is doing not even people like Berger or Chir or all these urchins around governor Ortom will do it. He is afraid of a Senate report which has recommended is dismissal. He is doing sycophantic issues so that government will prevent his dismisal. He is a serial RAPIST with his tiny penis." His defence .

In a hurry to submit their answer booklets to invigilators, some candidates forget their expo (materials used for examination malpractice) in the booklets, the West African Examination Council has said. The council also noted that some other candidates use different answer booklets from its authorised copies. Its Public Relations Officer, Mr. Demianus Ojijeogu, who confirmed this in an interview with our correspondent, however, added that the council had reduced the incidence of impersonation in its examinations through its biometric registration process He said, “We encounter malpractice during the examination and during marking. Some leave the expo in the answer booklets. We see that all the time. Others use other answer booklets different from the council’s own. But, we discover these things during marking because the booklets do not have our serial numbers and they are not usually signed by the supervisors. Supervisors usually sign the booklets before they are given to the candidates. “We have been able to handle impersonation through our biometric process but there is still collusion where candidates will copy exactly the same answers usually dictated by a teacher. We have our invigilators but the number is limited. When you leave the centre or before we get there, they will do what they want.” He added that the council was still dealing with challenges of collusion, which involved teachers aiding candidates during examination. Ojijeogu, who said that some candidates harassed supervisors, noted that the development had forced the council to adopt a more discreet approach in making announcements regarding examination malpractice. “We no longer make noise about examination malpractice because examination supervision is a hazardous job. When candidates engage in malpractice, we just take their number and they fill a form. Some of our workers have been held hostage, female supervisors have been harassed. It is a hazardous job,” he added.

University of Ibadan has secured a spot in the top 978 ranked universities in the world. In the ranking ranking released by the Times Higher Education, Nigeria’s premier university was ranked 801 on the list. UI was the only Nigerian university to make the list. Earlier in 2016, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (AWRU) and the Center for World Universities Ranking (CWUR) released a list of the top 500 and 1000 world universities respectively and no Nigerian university was on the list. CWUR said that Nigerian universities were not considered for the ranking because of lack of quality research. AWRU, who did not give a reason for Nigeria’s absence, made it clear that the criteria for ranking was the number of alumni and staff publishing journals in Nature and Science, number of alumni and staff winnng Nobel prizes and Field medals. South Africa and Egypt had the highest number of universities on the list from the black continent. 63 universities from the United states made it to the top 200 while 32 from the United Kingdom also made the cut. United States (U.S) had 63 universities among the hundreds of schools considered.

Report has it that the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB), will soon stop the use of scratch cards for registration and checking of results. This was disclosed JAMB Registrar Prof. Ishaq Oloyode on Tuesday at the National Executive Council meeting of the Non-Academic Staff Union (NASU) in Abuja. According to him this will likely become effective from 2017. He added that once this becomes effective, students would generate a PIN number for themselves from their phone or computers before registering for examinations. He frowned at situations whereby banks and vendors hoard the cards, only to sell them at a higher price. He equally charged NASU members to involve in the ownership of Computer-Based Testing Centres, saying those who own the centres are businessmen merely exploiting students.

Fresh facts have emerged on how the Vice Chancellor of the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta ( FUNNAB), Professor Olusola Oyewole, Pro-Chancellor, Professor Olusola Bamidele and Chairman of the Governing Council, Senator Adeseye Ogunlewe respectively, allegedly defrauded the institution of N108.2 million. The Senior Staff Association of Nigeria Universities (SSANU) of the institution, according to a popular daily, revealed that the fraud was perpetrated through inflation of furniture and housing allowances. The association chairman, Fasunwo Olurotimi, alleged that the VC had collected N23 million in furniture allowance in four years as against N5.7 million allowed by law. Fasunwon said, “despite his being quartered in official residence, Professor Oyewole has also collected another N23 million in housing and rent allowance. The Vice Chancellor has been collecting the money despite a government circular which prohibits public office holders resident in official residences.” The SSANU chairman also said that despite a consolidated salary of the VC which was put above N1 million monthly, the VC had been collecting illegal monthly allowance of N480, 000. He alleged that under this arrangement, the vice chancellor approved the payment in 2014 and backdated it to 2012 when he was first appointed. The Chairman also alleged that the Pro Chancellor Ogunlewe collected N6 million under the children marriage allowance for a marriage not biologically connected with him, while the VC was also alleged to have assessed N5 million under the same arrangement. Ogunlewe was also alleged to have collected N3.2 million accrued interest from N842 million of Earned Allowance paid to the institution in 2013 but was fixed in a deposit account. The Association also accused the council members of spending N25 million on illegal and wasteful ‘overseas jamborees’ in 2016, against Federal Government directive. The Head, Directorate of Public Relations of the University, Emi Alawode, in his response said the matter was before the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), and the agency should be allowed to do its job.

I feel highly obliged and compelled to draw the attention of well-meaning Nigerians and the Visitors of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso to the noxious development ongoing at the institution. The issue has been lingering on; and for over three (3) months now the institution has detrimentally remained close. The attendant academic disruption has not only become a source of concern for all well-meaning residents of Oyo State but also a humongous embarrassment to the whole world. Hence, as a father to all, it is pertinent that I offer my candid suggestion on the way out of the current impasse before further irreparable damage is done to the institution. LAUTECH was established by a signed edict dated April 23, 1990, to advance technological education in Nigeria. At inception, it was named Oyo State University of Technology (OSUTECH) but with the creation of Osun State in 1991 from the Old Oyo State, the University witnessed a change in taxonomy to what it is today. The University started with a total of 436 candidates enrolled in four faculties: Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Engineering and Management Sciences, and Pure and Applied Sciences. A College of Health Sciences was established a year later at Osogbo (capital of Osun State) after a Memorandum of Understanding was signed in October 1991. In its 26 years of existence, the University has made tremendous impact; it annually turns out technologically-skilled manpower for the nation and the world as a whole. Presently, it’s a source of employment to over 3,000 Nigerians, and with 25, 000 students population, it’s a stimulus to the economy of the two states. Thus, allowing the University to slip into decay will be a distasteful disservice to our people and a most unpatriotic thing. In the main meanwhile, the resolution to jointly own and fund the institution has proven to be an error, considering the unfolding events. Clearly, the status of joint ownership has perpetually bred a corrosive distrust, a constant spark for breakdown of inter-governmental relationships and incessant conflicts. The unhealthy relationships came to the open during the administrations of Chief Adebayo Alao-Akala and Prince Olagunsoye Oyinlola, ex-governors of Oyo and Osun States. It also engendered conflict between Otunba Adebayo Alao-Akala and Governor Rauf Aregbesola; and then between Governors Abiola Ajimobi and Rauf Aregbesola. The display of administrative “big egos” has often taken the centre stage and has become intractably untamable. Hence, the two elephants that fight, it is the grass that suffers most. While the breakdown of inter-governmental relationships lasts each time, irredeemable damages are incurred and those at the receiving end are the hapless students, the unlucky parents, the flustered institution’s workers and of course, the two states. From the foregoing, I find it difficult to fold my arms, the edict that established the University has never been ambiguous as it emphatically entrusted the ownership to Oyo State. For fairness and justice, at the creation of Osun State, Oyo State supported wholeheartedly the establishment of a College of Medicine and Teaching Hospital at Osogbo. This arrangement presupposes that in the future, it will become a case of Quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit – when two parties hold on to whatever it has on its land. It is recognition of this philosophy that has persistently motivated Oyo State to over the years contribute the most to the growth of LAUTECH. Compounding the joint ownership quandary, in 2006, Osun State unilaterally went ahead to establish its own University – Osun State University (UNIOSUN). Many took the action to mean that Osun State was technically pulling out of her joint ownership of LAUTECH, considering the financial burden. Dismissing this allusion however, Osun State gave assurance it would not disregard its fiscal commitment to the institution. But sadly, experience has proven to the contrary? Osun State has defaulted unrepentantly to redeem her financial obligations to the University for over fifteen (15) months now. In sincerity, what this portends is that the financial burden of running two state-owned Universities has become too heavy a load for the Osun State Government. Interestingly however, while Osun State is evading her financial responsibilities to LAUTECH, she continues to nurture her baby, UNIOSUN. Should I and the good people of Oyo State at large continue to be passive while the LAUTECH legacy is smothered into ruins and left prostrate? I say an emphatic no! In the light of this, I suggest that Osun State should channel her resources to building UNIOSUN to an enviable height while Oyo State is given the grace to solely own LAUTECH. Furthermore, the joint ownership has become synonymous with incessant closure, underfunding and growth retardation, the two owner states now shortchange each other with reckless impunity. These then have raised fundamental issues that need to be quickly addressed. The institution has been closed since June 13 with no hope of its reopening in sight. The institution’s workers are being owed over five (5) months salaries. The peril inherent in subjecting young fellows to a state of idleness unendingly is too obvious. Equally, the current gridlock predisposes the University to forfeit a whole academic session while final year students eyeing the mandatory National Youth Service stand at the threshold of missing mobilization for the exercise. What about this year’s admission? Innocent children seeking admission into the University next session are already left in the lurch, just as residents are exposed to a dire situation. The University that was rated the best State University in Nigeria for two consecutive seasons, 2003 and 2004 by the National Universities Commission (NUC) has been witnessing a slide in rating and forlornly, this year’s ranking released by the body put it at 21st on the log, a very worrying development for all lovers of quality education. Also, the school’s chapters of the Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU) and the Non-Academic Staff Union (NASU) have embarked on industrial actions over the matter. These actions by the various segments in the University are symptomatic of the deep financial muddle the University is enmeshed in. The consideration of this fact must have also ignited a protest by many parents recently in Ogbomoso. The object of their grievance is the protracted standoff over the ownership status of the University, which is believed to be the catalyst for the closure of the school and the lack of will to reopen it, their action is best described as that of a goat driven to a wall and inexorably turns around to head butt its assailant, I fear this might escalate! They are angry that their children who were supposed to be mobilized for NYSC might be ill-fated for no “sin” of their own just as prospect for new admission is fleetingly fading away, not to mention the harshness this closure has imposed on the economy of the two states; they indomitably demonstrated their vehement, fierce resolve, even though I have been calming their agitations and impatient disposition with great efforts. It is also instructive that though Osun State has stopped funding the University, its people are still dominant in the management cadre of the school which Oyo State indigenes however overlook. This is reflected in the breakdown of Principal Office holders and other appointments in the institution as highlighted below: Vice Chancellor – Professor Adeniyi S. Gbadegesin (Oyo); Deputy Vice Chancellor – Professor Timothy Adebayo (Osun); Registrar – Mr. Jacob A. Agboola (Osun); Bursar – Mr. A.B.C. Olagunju (Osun); Librarian – Mr. I.O. Ajala (Oyo); Provost, College of Health Sciences – Professor S.S. Taiwo (Kwara); Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences – Professor O.E. Ayodele (Ogun); Dean, Faculty of Environmental Sciences – Professor A.T. Adeboyejo (Ogun); Dean, Faculty of Management Sciences – Professor J.O. Adewoye (Osun); Dean, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences – Professor O.M. Oni (Oyo); Dean, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences – Professor Gbade Oyediran (Osun); Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences – Dr. A.S. Adekunle (Osun); Dean, Students Affairs – Dr. L.A. Jimoda (Osun); Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Technology – Professor K.A. Adebiyi (Oyo); College Secretary, College of Health Sciences – Mr. E.A. Ajibesin PAR (Osun); Secretary Post Graduate School – Mrs. Osundina T.O. DR (Osun); Personnel Affairs – Mrs. O.O. Oloke DR (Osun); Academic Affairs – Mrs. A.A. Oguntunde DR (Osun); PDS Secretary – Mr. Bashiru Isola PAR (Osun); Faculty Officer – Mrs. V.B. Obiyemi PAR (Osun); Director, Health Centre – Dr. Adegbosin C.O. (Osun); Director, Sports – Mr. Oguntunde A.O. (Osun). Isn’t this a clear shortchanging? The slide must be checkmated. And as such, the most convincing resolution I can proffer to this (gratuitous) menace represented by the knotty issues above, lies in the immediate process of handing over of the University to Oyo State, which has no other state-owned University. I am aware that LAUTECH’s joint ownership status is calculated to show the outside world that two governments owning and running a University together is feasible. After all, there is no place found in Nigeria where such thing is practised. We should take a cue from what happened when Ekiti and Delta States were created from Ondo and Bendel States respectively, the existing state-owned Universities reverted to the state where they were located accompanied by equitable sharing of assets and liabilities. This ensured that the succeeding years are free of superfluous imbroglios over funding and constitution of the management team, and so they succeeded in precluding a perennial conflict over ownership status. Therefore, as events have wholly depicted, LAUTECH’s joint ownership is a monumental aberration and the so -called “model,” has utterly fallen apart. It is precarious to toy with the lives of future leaders of the state and the country at large. Since it is palpable that co-ownership is not working, I appeal to the two Governors to quickly take a bold step towards a peaceful parting of ways regarding the institution. I call on well-meaning Nigerians to rise and rescue LAUTECH from imminent collapse. It is a clarion call. All stakeholders should urgently put all machineries in place to salvage the institution. It is evident the two proprietors, Oyo and Osun States, are tired of co-funding because of lots of intricate difficulties. Interestingly, both states would be desirous of having their separate Universities. Thanks that Osun State has UNIOSUN, with LAUTECH Teaching Hospital and College of Health Sciences, Osogbo while Oyo State has LAUTECH and the College of Health Sciences in Ogbomoso. Allowing each state to go it all alone would be statesmanship. The reality is that joint ownership of the University has proven impracticable in view of these elaborate problems associated with it. The University’s Visitors, I crave your indulgences to draw your focus to the fact that Oyo State had long been tired of the joint ownership, let me refer to a letter that emanated years ago to corroborate this. Titled, “Re: An Appeal for Peace” dated 31st March, 2011, with reference No. Gov. 25/Vol.11/612 in response to my pleadings for peace to reign concerning the matter at the time, part of it states: “Kabiyesi, joint ownership of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, when it so existed, was a partnership. At the point that Oyo State found that the partnership was no longer workable and mutually rewarding, we opted out … Our decision should not cause any bad blood …” The above claim from the Oyo State Government emphasized the position of the state. Therefore, I admonish that Osun State Government be disengaged from the co-ownership of LAUTECH, the following reasons, which are summaries of the already highlighted points will suffice: Inability of Osun State to continue to meet her financial obligations to the institution, it has been fifteen months now it last released grants to the institution, a situation that makes payment of salaries difficult and stifles capital projects. Problems associated with the breakdown of inter-governmental relationships between the two states. Passive attitude of Osun State towards the development of the institution, particularly in the area of provisions of infrastructures. Opportunity for each state to hold on and be more dedicated to each state’s owned University i.e. UNIOSUN and LAUTECH. For entrenchment of enduring peace and creation of a conducive environment for innovative development of both LAUTECH and UNIOSUN. In conclusion I pledge to give full royal support to work along with other stakeholders to facilitate all the necessary arrangements that would lead to peaceful and smooth disengagement as soon as possible and pave way for each state to own solely her state’s University. It is time to face the reality on ground and take a stand that will be applauded by future generations. Thank you. Yours, His Royal Majesty, Oba (Dr.) Oladunni Oyewumi Ajagungbade III JP CON CFR Soun of Ogbomosoland

The Nigerian government has come with another one again. The National Universities Commission (NUC) has declared that online degrees will remain unacceptable in Nigeria in yet another attempt to try to control what does need to be controlled. According to the great Commission, the only online degree acceptable is the e-learning programme of the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). Why? Well, your guess is as good as mine. In a statement, Ibrahim Usman Yakasai, Director of Information and Public Relations at the NUC, also said that the only other institutions endorsed for e-learning programs are University of Uyo, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, and the University of Maiduguri. “Online degrees are not accepted at the moment in Nigeria,” Yakasai said in the statement. “However, this does not include the approved Nigerian universities’ e-Learning programme run within the shores of Nigeria. “The Nigerian universities e-Learning programme is a legitimate and well thought out pilot e-learning initiative. It is a Public Private Partnership between the National Universities Commission (NUC), Park Associates E-Learning Group and four federal universities. “The commission wishes to use this medium to allay all fears and doubts concerning the legitimacy or NUC endorsement of the Nigerian universities’ e-Learning Programme. “Students in the programme are urged to continue to pursue their studies without fear and prospective applicants are encouraged to enrol.” Many stakeholders have already come out to condemn this stance by the NUC and some have even tagged it as “anti-progressive.” How much of an impact this has on Nigeria’s already terrible unemployment and education ratings is yet to be seen. Let us know your thoughts in the comments section below.

Deputy Governor of Lagos State, Dr. Oluranti Adebule at the 3rd quarterly stakeholders’ forum of private schools owners held at the Secretariat, Alausa in Ikeja, today said the State Government is ready to shutdown 10,444 unregistered private schools which littered the state. According to Adebule, it is shocking to discover that out of the 15,000 private schools operating in the state, only 4,556 were registered and vowed to take urgent action. “Government is not comfortable with our discovery that over 15,000 private schools are operating in the State and only just 4,556 are approved and registered; Let me state it clearly, henceforth, Lagos State Government will no longer allow private schools that are not duly registered by the Lagos State Ministry of Education to operate in the State, their operation becomes illegal henceforth in the State,” she warned.

Why you should avoid residing in the hostel – Now that a new session is on the verge of starting, I think this article will be helpful for those who are still cogitating between residing in the hostel or booking an off campus apartment. Although, reasons like low cost of hostel space, adequate water and electricity dominate why one should opt for a space in the school’s dormitory, but results from perusals have also depicted reason why people should eschew hostel residence. And here are they. 1. High Depredatory Tendencies In the hostel your properties may be more vulnerable to kleptomaniacs, bibliokleptomaniacs and others who steal as a result of “rational” reasons. Two phones and other valuable properties were alleged stolen in my hostel room last session, which ultimately lead us to a security office of the school for further interrogations. I’m grateful that the issue was resolved, which saved our names from the blacklist of the school. 2. Congestion Congestion has been a major deterrents to students. You find people amounting to a number of eight and above, squeezing themselves in one small room with their luggage, which could result to low ventilation, tight spaces for movements and so on. 3. Unpalatable Culinary Activities. Although, some school managements are proactive and painstaking enough to provide designated rooms for cooking activities, but you still find some students in the hostel cooking in their rooms, which leads to unpalatable artificial circulation of heat within the room which also contributes to unwholesome living conditions in the hostel. 4. Bedbugs Even a layman that isn’t conversant with a school environment will agree that hostels are prone to bedbugs invasions. Bedbugs are small nocturnal insects of the family Cimicidae that feeds on the human bloods and other warm-blooded hosts. My experience in the hostel last session has shown that they can only be reduced in number, but with time, they will multiply and reemerge either by reproduction or by migration from other hostel rooms or amongst other bed spaces from within. So avoiding hostel, is another way of avoiding them. 5. High Tendency Of Residing With Moochers. In the hostel, you find people who have the tendency to repeatedly ask you for help in finance, consumer goods and so on, even when they have, they still prefer your own. It is good to be generous, but I don’t support when people tend to abuse such generosity. 6. Guest Entertainment You can comfortably entertain your guest outside the hostel in your room. Unlike the hostel where it seems like virtually everyone is a guest, thus you find it mundane to perfectly entertain the real guests. Even the environment alone might be a deterrent to entertaining of guests. 7. Movement Of Luggage At The End Of Semester/Session We are all aware that students are ordered to vacate the hostel premises with their luggage and failure to do so within a stipulated date may lead to eviction or other forceful actions. The point is, it is easier to convey luggage back home because you may not need to move many luggage if you reside outside campus, you can leave the some behind because of worrying less about thieves coming to plunder on them while you are away. You lock them in your room, unlike in the hostel where you no longer have access to the room by the time the session ends, thus, it becomes exigent to convey many luggage back home. 8. Privacy Issues like noise, meddling, taunting, daunting and so on are mitigated when living outside campus than within the hostel. It is believed that everyone desires some amount to privacy, so it will be better to shun hostel when have such desire. These are many amongst other cogent reasons why residing in the hostel should not be prioritized. Leave a comment for contributions. Source Naijaloaded

A pretty university student has thrown caution to the wind by disgracing her lecturer who had s*x with her and refused to give her good grades. A university student in Kenya identified as Judith Juahla studying Electrical Engineering at the University of Nairobi has exposed her lecturer, Dr. Kiogora for failing to give her an ‘A’ after sleeping with her. The girl was irked after results came out only for her to get an ‘E’ in the course even though she had satisfied the man sexually. In her anger, the girl took to Facebook to shame the lecturer as she revealed how shocked she was to find out she had gotten an E.

The Federal University, Lafia, has terminated the appointment of 35 of its non-teaching staff over the inability of the institution to pay their salaries. Mohammed Sanusi-Liman, Vice Chancellor of the university, told journalists on Sunday in Lafia that the council took the decision due to paucity of funds. Mr. Sanusi-Liman explained that the affected staff, who were employed by the institution earlier in the year, comprised 11 corps members who were retained after their service year and 24 others. He said the council had directed the management to source for funds and pay off the affected staff since they had worked for over five months without being paid. “It would be inhuman to keep the staff working when we cannot pay them giving our poor budget and that is why the council decided that we should pay them off,” he said. According to him, the university has consistently encountered a shortfall of over N38 million in its allocation for several months, which had adversely affected the running of the institution. He also confirmed that the management had uncovered a job racketeering syndicate in the university, which had offered illegal employment to some persons. “When we got wind of the matter, the management set up an investigative committee which turned in a report that was submitted to the council. “The university council referred the matter to its disciplinary committee for investigation and appropriate action,’’ he said. On the post UTME screening of candidates for admission into the university for the 2016/2017 academic session, the vice chancellor said that over 4,000 applicants had been screened. He added that the council would meet to determine its carrying capacity before the admission list would be released. He also announced that the university council had approved the commencement of its post graduate programmes effective from the 2016/2017 academic session.